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(No Model.)

0. L. CLARKE. TELEMETER SYSTEM.

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(N0 Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

C. L. CLARKE.

TELEMETER SYSTEM.

No. 327,526. g Patented Oct. 6, 1885;, ai

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(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

G. L. CLARKE.

' TELEMETER SYSTEM.

No. 327,526. Patented Oct. 6, 1885.

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I I x I nuTnn STATES PATENT Orricn.

CHARLES L. CLARKE, OF NEWV YORK, N. Y.

-TELEMETER SYSTEM.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 327,526, dated October6, 1885.

Application filed March 30, 1885. Serial No. 160,604. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, CHARLES L. CLARKE, a citizen of the United States,residing in New York, in the county and State of New York, have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Tclemeters, of which thef0llowing is a specification.

The invention relates to certain improvements in the organization ofelectrical apparatus and in the arrangement of circuits forindicating,at distant points,variations in temperature, atmosphericpressure, or other similar changing force occurring at any particularlocality, or the movements of any regularlyoperated device.

The object of the invention is to cause such indications to be madeautomatically and simultaneously with the occurrence of any change ofany appreciable amount at any required number of different points, to soorganize the apparatus as to most economically apply the electricalenergy employed, to prevent the more delicate parts of the instrumentsfrom becoming injured by constant use, to insure that all theinstruments shall operate reliably, and to indicate any failureon thepart of the instruments to properly operate.

The invention consists, generally, in organizing the apparatus insubstantially the following manner.

The governinginstrument,which is one organized to respond to any varyingforce or to be operated at regular intervals or to move constantly underthe influence of a constant force, is provided with a circuit-closingdevice constructed to transmit electrical impulses of a character andwith a frequency dependent upon the direction and amplitude of themovements of the controlling-instrument.

The various parts of the apparatus are so constructed that immediatelyupon the completion of a circuit by the transmitter or by the primalcircuit-closing device a shuntcir' cuit will be automatically completedaround this device. This sh nut-circuit remains closed until aseparation of the primal contact-poiuts has been effected. Theshunt-circuit is completed through astrong and firm contact-point,thereby insuring more perfect circuit-connections than can be readilyobtained by the primal contact when it is operated bydelicitely-adjusted devices. This also prevents the circuit from beingaccidentally interrupted before the electro-magnets which it is designedto operate have been vitalized, and it at the same time preventselectrical discharges from occurring at the delicate contact-points.

The receivinginstruments are provided with devices for advancing anindicating arm or device correlatively with the movements of thetransmitting device or governing-instrument, and these devices arecaused to be operated whenever a circuit is completed.

When the receiving devices have been operated, it is necessary that thecircuit should be again interrupted, and this has usually beenaccomplished by means of an interrupting device actuated by anelectro-magnet inserted in series with the other electro-magnets, butconstructed to respond more slowly, and to thus be brought intooperation after the other electro-magnets have performed theirfunctions. It sometimes chances, however, that some one or more of theactuating electromagnets may not operate as quickly as the others, andthe interrupting device may respond before some other device hasperformed its function.

It is very essential for the perfect operation of the telemeter systemthat all the devices should operate before the final interruption of thecircuit occurs. For this reason it is proposed by this invention toplace theinterrupting device under the control of currents caused totraverse a third circuit, the connections of which can only be completedwhen all the operating electromagnets have been vitalized. This thirdcircuit has its connections completed at different points by themovements of the armaturelevers of the respective operatingelectro-magnets, and when completed the interrupting electro-maguet isvitalized and the circuit-connections of the battery are interrupted.

The invention involves certain details of organization and construction,which will be fully described in, connection with the drawlugs.

In another application of even date herewith there is described andclaimed, in connection with an organization of apparatus involvingcertain features set forth herein, a method of controllingcircuit-connections.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating the generalorganization of apparatus and circuits as applied to a telemeter system.Fig. 2 illustrates the invention as applied to a clock system. Fig. 3illustrates a novel method of applying circuit-closing arms for causingan alarm at extremes of movement of the transmitting device, and also arecordingdial. Figs. 4 and 5 illustrate more in detail the constructionof the circuit-closing arms for the'alarm, and also shows moreparticularly a novel method of applying the drivingpawl to theactuatingwheels employed both in the transmitting and receivinginstruments.

Referring to Fig. 1, represents a circuit-closing arm, which may beoperated by Variations in temperature or pressure, or by any other forcewhether constant or variable. In this instance the arm is constructed tomove in either of two directions. At its extremity it carries twocontact-points, c c. Loosely mounted upon the sleeve 0 which surroundsthe arbor 0* of the arm 0, is a starwheel, E. This carries two insulatedcontactarms, G and 0 Upon the extremity of the arm 0 there is carried apoint, 0, and a similar point, 0 is carried upon the arm 0 These pointsare respectively designed to be brought into contact with the points 0of the arm 0.

The contact-arms are insulated from each other, but are both carriedrigidly upon the wheel E. If, therefore, the circuit-closing arm 0 bemoved in one direction it will make contact with one of the arms, 0, andif moved in the opposite direction it will make contact with the otherarm, 0 A contact-brush, e, connects the arm 0 with a conductor, 2, and acontact-brush, 0 connects the arm (1 with the conductorl5. A conductor,1, connects the arm 0 with'the earth at G. It is designed that the arm0, by moving in one direction or the other, shall cause electricimpulses to be transmitted through a main line, L or L, to thereceiving-instrument, or to a series of the same, and cause them to movein a manner corresponding to the movements of the arm 0. For this reasonthe conductor 2 is connected through a conductor, 3, with the main lineL, and the conductor in like manner with the main line L" through theconductor 6.

The currents which are required for operating the receiving-instrumentsare of such strength that itis necessary to protect the delicatecontact-points c, c, and 0 from the electric discharges which tend totake place at the interruptionof the circuit. For'this reason it isdesired to establish a shunt'circuit around the points 0 and 0 or c and0 when a circuit is first completed by these. To accomplish this anelectro-magnet, H, is included in the conductor 2, and anelectro-magnet, H in the conductor 5. The respective armature-levers hand h of these magnets are connected by a conductor, 4, with theconductor 1, and thus with the earth at G. Upon the levers h and IL2there are carried flexible springs h and h respectively supportingcontact-points h and h. point, h. and the point h* to a front contactpoint, h. These front contact-points are respectively connected byconductors 7 and 8 with the conductors 2 and 5 at points 9 and 10. Itwill be apparent that when the arm 0 strikes against the arm 0 or C anelectric cur rent is caused to traverse the conductor 2 or 5 and thecorresponding electro-magnet, H or H will be vitalized. The contact ofthe point .72 or ii with its front contact-point will there fore cause ashunt-circuit to be completed around the corresponding point 0, and thecoils of the corresponding electro-magnet, H or H will be included inthe shunt-circuit thus established. The springs h and Ir are employedfor the reason that were the arma ture-levers h and h to strike againstsolid contact-points the blows would jar the instrument and be liable toseparate the point 0 or a" from the corresponding point, 0. The circuitwould in that event be interrupted before the electro-magnet H or H hadbecome sufficiently magnetized to hold its armature securely in itsforward position, an d there would then be a buzzing contact at thepoints 0 and at the points it and h. This would destroy thecontactpoints, although it could not throw the instrument out of unison.Suitable artificial resistances, R and R are preferably respectivelyincluded in the conductors 2 and5 between the points 9 and 10 and thecorresponding brushes, 6 and c By this means strong currents areprevented from traversing the points 0. I

The currents required for operating the various devices are derived froma battery, 0, which is in this instance located near thereceiving-instrument; but it may be placed at the transmitter-station.One pole of this battery is connected with the earth at G by aconductor, 11. The remaining pole is conneoted by conductors 12 and 13with two conductors, 14 and 15. .The conductor 14 leads to the line L,and the conductor 15 to the line L The functions of the currents whichare thus transmitted are to operate the wheel E, and thus move the arm 0or 0 out of con tact with the arm 0, and also to move an indicating-arm,P, of the receiving-instrument.

For this purpose two electro-magnets, F and v F", are respectivelyincluded in the conductors 3 and 6, leading to the lines L and L at thetransmitting-station, and two'electro-magnets, M and M .in theconductors 14 and 15, leading from the same lines at the receivingstation.

The electro-magnet F. is provided with an armature, F carried upon alever, F. A

pawl, k,- is carried upon the lever F and this serves to impel the wheelE toward the right hand, and thus to separate the arm 0 from the arm 0when the electro-magnet F is vitalized. A similar pawl, carried upon thele- The point If is applied to a front contact ver F of the armature F",applied to the elcc-- tro-magnet F serves to impel the wheel E in theopposite direction when the electromagnet is vitalized. A suitableretaining-pawl, E, serves to prevent an accidental displacement of thewheel E.

The electro'magnet M is provided with an armature, m, carried upon alever, r.- which carries a driving-pawl, a. Likewise an arma turemi alever, m, and pawl n" are applied to the electromagnet M These two pawlsn and n are applied to a wheel, N, which carries the pointer P. \Vhenthe eleetro-magnet M is vitalized, the wheel and pointer are moved inone direction, and when the electromagnet M is vitalized they areimpelled in the opposite direction. In this manner the pointer P iscaused to indicate the position of the arm 0.

A suitable retainingpawl, N is applied to the wheel N for the purpose ofpreventing it from being accidentally moved.

It is necessary that after the points 0 have been separated and thepointer P has been moved, the circuit of the battery 0 should beinterrupted. Heretofore it has been customary to interrupt the circuitby means of an electro-magnet included in series with the other magnetsand responding more slowly. While this method is perfectly practicableit requires careful adjustment, and usually a strong battery isrequired. According to the present invention it is proposed to place theinterrupting-magnet in a third circuit, the connections of which arecompleted by the movements of the armature-levers toward theirelectro-magnets, so that it is insured that the circuit of theinterrupting-magnet cannot be completed until all of the electro-magnetshave been vitalized and the several armatures responded. Theinterrupting device is then immediately actuated and the main-circuitconnections are interrupted. This is accomplished in the presentinstance by means of contact-pointsf andf carried upon the levers F andF, respectively, and by similar points, in and m, respectively carriedupon the levers m and in" of the magnets H and M. The contact-points fand f are both connected with the conductor 1 leading to the earth at G.The contact-pointj" has a front contact-point, f and the pointf" has asimilar front contact-point, f. These front contacts are connected witha third line, L, lead ing to the rec'eivinginstrument. This line leadsto an electro-magnet, Q, and from this magnet, through a conductor, 1e,it is connected with two front contaetstops, m and m which arerespectively applied to the points m and in. The contactpoints m and712- are connected through their respective levers and the conductors 14and 15 with the conductor 13, and thus with the battery 0. When,

both the transmitter and the receiver have been operated.

The manner in which the circuit is interrupted is as follows: Theconductor 12 leads to a stationary arm, carrying a yieldingcontactspring, 9 This spring carries a contact-point, g, the face ofwhich is preferably in the form of an arc of a circle. Thearmature-lever of the electro-magnet Q, is normally held away from itselectro-magnet, but when it is drawn forward it strikes against an armof the interrupting-lever, A contact point, 9, carried upon this leveris normally against the point g pressing the spring 5/ outward, and itis held in this position by gravity. \Vhen, however, the elec tro-magnetQ becomes vitalized, the arm or lever is struck by the armature-leverg", and the point 9 is thrown out of contact with the point 9 Themomentum of the lever or arm prevents the point from returning immedi'ately into contact with the point even though the armaturelever 9 fallaway from its magnet. The point 9 is connected with the conductor 13,and thus, by its separation from the point g", the circuit isinterrupted. An adj listing-screw, g, is applied to the spring whichserves to press the same outward a sufficient distance to permit thepoint 9 to fall behind it and to press it still farther forward. Arubbing-contact is thus secured. Upon the interruption of theconnections of the battery 0 at the point all the electromagnets becomedemagnetized, and the parts return to their normal positions, the arms 0and the pointer P having been advanced or caused to recede, accordinglyas a current has been transmitted over the line L or L It may sometimeschance that when the arm C is moved away from the arm O, the pointcarried upon the other arm, C will strike against the point e on the arm0, and vice versa, unless some means are provided for obviating thedifficulty. This would be espc cially liable to occur were the armsadjusted very closely to the points c,- also, if from any cause thetransmitter should receive a violent blow orjar, the arm 0 might for themoment vibrate so as to make contact with both arms 0 and O at nearlythe same instant. To pre vent this the conductor 6 leads to a contactpoint, 7 against which there normally rests an insulated contact, y,carried upon the lever h, and the line L leads to the point f. A springsupports the point 3 and this is employed for affording a yieldingcontact between the two parts. \Vhen the armature h is away from itselectro-magnct H,the spring is pressed backward, and when the lever isdrawn forward the spring at first clings to the point y, but separatestherefrom before eontaet is made at the point Ir. In this manner theconnections between the conductor 6 and line L areinterrupted before theconnections of the conductor 2 are completed through the point h thepoints being properly adjusted for that purpose. It is not alwaysnecessary IZO to resort to the use of this spring, but it is preferredto employ it for the purpose of preventing a jarring-contact. Theconnections of the line L are made and interrupted in like mannerthrough contacts 3 and 1 a spring being employedfor supporting thelatterfrom the armature-lever h".

The electro'magnet Q, included in the conductor 12, is employed forgiving an indication in the event that the strength of the battery 0should become insufficient to supply a current of the strength requiredto operate the devices. If by some chance the circuit should remaincompleted through this magnet, the armature q would be drawn forwardagainst the slowly-yielding plunger or dash-pot The dash-pot consists ofan inclosing-cup, g containing a plunger, q", through which is formed asmall perforation, q A viscid oil or other similar substance may becontained in the cup above the plunger, which is also preferablycupshaped, as shown. The continued attraction exerted by theelectro-magnet causes the plunger to gradually rise and thus allows thearmature to approach the magnet.

Upon an arm, Q5, ofthe armature-lever there is carried adetent, q,whichnormally engages a catch, upon a sliding rod, Q". ,This rod, togetherwith a disk or visual signal, g is normally held in the position shownin the drawings by the catch; but when the armaturelever is drawnforward the rod is released and the disk is permitted to fall through anaperture in the case, and thereby to indicate that the circuit hasremained closed and that for some reason the apparatus has failed tooperate. Such failure being usually due to the weakness of the battery,it is preferable to locate this indicating device at the station wherethe battery is placed, in this instance at the receivingstation; or, ifa series of receiving-instruments are employed, at any one of thestations.

This method of controlling and operating circuits is not confined to theprecise organization of apparatus shown in Fig. 1, but is equallyapplicable, for instance, to an electricclock system, as shown in Fig.2.

Referring to Fig. 2, R represents a circuitrlosing device applied toamoving partsay, the seconds-hand arbor of a regulator. This deviceconsists of an arm, 1', which is carried forward by the movements of theseconds-hand arbor, and makes slidingcontact once each minute, or at anyother predetermined interval, with a contact-point, r", supportedbetween two non-conducting points or surfaces, 9- and r. The point r ispreferably narrow, and located between two of the points of rest of thecircuitclosing arm, so that by a single beat of the pendulum the armwill be carried into and out of contact with the contactpoints. In thedrawings the point 00 indicates the position of the circuit-closing armat, say, the fifty-ninth second, and x at the sixtieth second, thecontact being made while r is sweeping over 0. The circuit of thebattery 0,

,one pole of which is connected through the interrupting device Q withthe point 1, will thus be completed withthe arm 1" once each minute orat the predetermined intervals. This arm is connected by the conductor 2with the coils of the shunt-magnet H, and through the coils of the samewith the main line L. This main line includes in series any requirednumber of electro-magnets M, designed to operate the several secondaryclock-movements. The line L is connected with the earth at the distantstation, as shown at G by the conductor 29.

The shunting-magnet H is employed for completing a circuit around thepoints 1" and r before that arm is carried beyond the point. This shuntprevents a spark at the point a, when the arm 1" leaves it on account ofthe resistance R Its operation will be evident without furtherdescription. The first operation of the circuit-closing arm is tovitalize the electro-magnet H, and thus to complete the shunt-circuitwith the main line. There upon all the armature-levers m of the magnetsM will be actuated. An artificial resistance, R is inserted in theconductor leading to the point r for the purpose of preventing an undueamount of current from being trans mitted through that point, all thatis requisite beingthat necessary to vitalize the shuntinginagnet H. i

The interruption of the circuit is secured by means of theelectro-magnet Q, which is included in the circuit of the line L, andthe operation of which is precisely similar to that described withreference to Fig. 1. The main line L leads from this magnet to thearma-' ture-lever m of the first clock. This lever is provided with acontact-stop, m from which a succeeding section of the main line leadsto a lever, m of the second clock. The front contact-point of this leveris connected with the succeeding section of the main line, and so onthroughout the series, the line being ultimately connected with theearth. It is evident, therefore, that the circuit-connections ofthe lineL will be completed only when all the armature-levers have been drawntoward their electro-magnets. The electro-magnets are shown in thisinstance as being so applied that the driving-pawls actuate the wheels Nwhen the electro magnets are demagnetized; but the construction shown inFig. 1 may be adopted. The construction here shown is, however,preferred, for thepawls are then a1- ways driven toward the wheels bythe same force, and the driving force applied is independent of thebattery strength, provided only that this be sufficient to draw thelevers back.

At 0 there may be inserted a battery-indicating device similar to thatshown in Fig. 1.

In Figs.1,3,4,and 5 there are shown twocontact-arms, p and p placed uponopposite sides of the indicating-arm P,and these are employed for thedouble purpose of indicating the extreme of movement of the arm P, andalso of sounding an alarm in the event of an excess of ICO pressure,heat, or other force which it is desired to indicate, or, on the otherhand, too great a diminution of the same. The arms p and p are supportedupon an insulated sleeve surrounding the arbor of the indicating-arm P,and they normally stand in whatever positions they are manually placed;but they are movable upon their support, being secured thereto byfrictional connection. They may for the purpose be slottedlongitudinally, the divisions having sufficient resilience to pressagainst the sleeve. Intervening washers, p and phare employed forretaining the arms in position, butthe friction is secured with thesleeve rather than with the washer. \Vhen, therefore, the indicatingarmstrikes against one or the other of the arms 1) or pflit will not onlymake contact therewith but will advance the same in the direction of itsown movement. These alarm-hands also serve to register the extremes ofmovement of the arm P. The alarm-hands P and P are made of or else carrytheir contacts upon springs which are stiff enough to allow the arms tobe moved by the hand P, but which prevent the sudden blow .of the armfrom giving them sufficient impetus to throw them out of contact withthe hand, as would be the case if the arms P and P were rigid.

It is designed that one pole of a local battery, 0, shall be connectedwith the indicating-arm and the otherpole through a suitable signalingdevice with the two cont-act arms 19 and p Upon each of these arms thereis carried a contact-point, p", which consists of a flat piece ofplatinum or other suitable metal secured against the side of the arm andprojecting outward into the path of a corresponding point, p, carriedupon the pointer. When, therefore, the arm P makes contact with eitherarm 19 or p the circuit of the battery will be completed,and it willremain completed, even though the movements of the arm P have carried itbeyond the point at which the arm p or 19 has been set. The alarm willcontinue to sound, therefore, until the arm P is caused to move in theother direction. This secures a great advantage over the former deviceswhich have been employed, in that it provides a continuous alarm, whereheretofore it has been customary to allow the indieating-arm to passbeyond the contact-arm and to thereby sound an alarm only when theindicating-arm is set at a given point, and exceeding this point thealarm ceased:

For the purpose of conveniently keeping a record 'of the variationswhich the arm P i11- dicates, there is provided a novel form ofchronograph. This consists of asuitabletrain, which is adapted torevolve a disk, P', at a regulated speed. The disk is divided intoradial sections which correspond to the days of the week, and thesesections maybe further divided by hour-lines, as indicated at 1) o Thecircle is also further divided into circular sections w, which indicatethe degree of the variations which it is desired torecord.

Against the surface of the paper there rests a recording-pen, V, whichpreferably consists of a narrow tube, pointed at the end and containingany suitable recording-ink. This pen is supported upon an arm, V,carried upoua suitable pivot, V The upper end of the arm is providedwith a segment, V, gearing with a toothed wheel or segment, V supportedupon the arbor of the indicating-arm P. The movements of the arm V willbe recorded, it is evident, upon the disk, thus indicating the movementsof the arm P and the variations occurring at the transmitting device.

The recording-arm V and other parts moved by the segment V are ofsuch ashape and so arranged as to cause apreponderance of weight on one sideof the pivot about which the segment V revolves, always tending to makethe arm V swing in toward the center of the recordingdial. Thispreponderance of weight on one side thus takes up the lost motionbetween the teeth of the segments V and V always in one direction, andtherefore there will be no error in the position of the recording-pen Vfrom lost motion.

The recording device may be applied, it is evident, to thetransmittinginstrument, and the receiving device may be omitted byplacing the circuit interrupting device at the transmitter.

The portion of the arm carrying the recording-pen is pivoted, so that byloosening a set screw, V it may be turned back for the purpose ofremoving the disk. Apin determines the proper position of the pivotedportion of the arm. Small clamps are employed for fastening the paper toits support.

In Fig. 4 there is shown in detail the form of driving-pawl and themethod of applying it,which is found to possess great advantages. Thisconsists of an arm or pin, a, rigidly carried upon the armaturelever.The lines of the faces of this pawl form an angle very little lessthananinety-degree angle, and the movement of the same is very nearly inthe line of a geometrical secant of the circle of the wheel N andintersecting a radial line drawn perpendicular to said secant at a pointdistant from the center of the circle about two-thirds the radius of thecircle. The point is, however, further dependent for its location uponthe angle of the teeth of the wheel, and the secant should nearlycoincide with the line of the face a of the tooth against which the pawlstrikes. The best results are obtained when the re-entrant angles of theteeth are very slightly more than ninety degrees, and the line of thedriving-face a of the pawl is approximately perpendicular to the face aof the tooth which comes into contact with the remaining face a of thepawl when the wheel is advanced. WVhen the lever is actuated,the face itstrikes the tooth face a and advances the wheel N, meanwhile slidingdown the face of the tooth until the face a is approximate to the facea". The lines of these two faces are such that the pawl may be drawnback without causing a retrograde movement of the wheel. Theconfiguration of the pawl and teeth and the location of the pivot aresuch that the pawl locks the wheel in pushing it, and no excess ofbattery power can cause the force with which the pawl propels the wheelto move it more than one tooth. WVhen the driving-pawl is withdrawn, thepawl N causes the wheel to advance a slight distance farther, bringingthe crown to the nexttooth beyond the line of movement of the pawl.

I claim as my invention- 1. The combination, substantially ashereinbefore set forth, of a battery, acircuit-closing point forautomatically completing a circuit for said battery, meansforautomaticallycompleting a second or shunt circuit around said pointwhen the first-named circuit is completed, one or more electro-magnetsincluded in the circuit of the battery, an indicating device operatedthrough the instrumentality of said electro magnet or magnets,.a thirdcircuit, the connections of which are completed by circuit-closingpoints controlled by said electro-magnets when they are vitalized, and adevicev forinterrupting the connections of said battery operated bycurrents traversing said third circuit. 7

2. The combination, substantially as here-' inbefore set forth, of acircuit-closing and a contact point, a battery, a circuit'for the samethe connections of which are completed by said points, means forcompleting a circuit around said points, an electro-magnet'forseparating said points, one or more indicating devices, electro-magnetsincluded in said circuits for operating said indicating devices, a thirdcircuit for said battery, the connections of which are completed by thearmatur e-l'evers' of said electro-magnets when they have beenvitalized, and a circuit-interrupting device operated by currentstraversing said third circuit.

devices included in said lines respectively, a

third line leading from said battery, and circuit-closing points forcompleting the connections of said third line at various places, whichpoints are under the control of said electro magnetic devices, whereby aon rrent traversing either of the first-named lines and actuating thecorresponding electromagnetic devices will serve to complete theconnections of the third line.

4. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a.battery, two lines,

means for completing a circuit for either of said lines,electro-magnetic devices included in said lines respectively, means forcompleting the circuit-connections of either of said lines and therebyoperating the corresponding electro-magnet devices, athird'main line,the connections of which are normally interrupted at various points,means, substantially such as described, for completing the connectionsof said third line at such points by the operation of all of saidelectromagnetic devices contained in either of the first-named lines,and

a circuit-interrupting device for severing the connections of both ofsaid lines when the last-named connections have been completed.

5. The combination, substantially as here inbefore set forth, of abattery, 'a conductor leading therefrom, a circuit-controlling'devicefor completing the connections of the same, two or more electro-magnetsincluded in the circuit thus completed, their armatures andarmature-levers, contact-points carried upon said levers, contact stopsrespectively applied to said points, a second conductor leading fromsaid battery to one of said contact-points, a conductor leading from thecorresponding contact-stop to a second of said contact-points, an so onthroughout the series,whereby a circuit of said second conductor iscompleted when all of said electro-magnet-s have been vitalized andtheir armature-levers have responded, an electro-magnet included in thecircuit of the second conductor,and a contactstop and contact-pointcaused to temporarily separate from each other when the last-namedelectro-magnet is vitalized, through which point and stop the primarycircuit of said battery is normally established.

6. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, with acircuit-closing point and means for moving the same in either of twodirections, of a battery, twolines, through the one or the other ofwhich a circuit is completed by said point, and means for interruptingthe normal connections of either of said lines when the circuit throughthe other line is completed.

7'. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, with amovable circuit-closing point and two contact-points, of a battery, twolines respectively leading from said contactpoints, two interruptingdevices, one being included in each of said lines, and means,substantially such as described, for operating each interrupting deviceby currents traversing the other line.

8. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, with amovable circuit-closing point and two contact-points, of a battery,

two lines respectively leading to said contactsponding shunt-circuit aresulsequently Cl1lpleted.

9. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of acircuitclosing point responding to variations in temperature or otherchanges, a second circuitclosi ng point, an elec trical apparatus forcausing said second point to move synchronously with the movements ofthe first point, a contact-point capable of being placed in any requiredposition relative to said second point, means, substantially such asdescribed, for permitting said contact-point to be moved forward by themovements of said second point, a battery, the connections of which arecompleted through the second cir- 7 cuit-closing-lpoint and thecontact-point, and

a signaling device included in the circuit of said battery.

10. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of acircuit-elosin g point responding to variations in temperature, pressure, or other changes, an indicating-arm, elec trical devices forcausing the same to register the position of the circuit-closing point,two circuit-closing and registering arms respect ively applied to theopposite sides of said indicating-arm, a local battery, the connectioi sof which are completed by the contact of said indicating-arm with eitherof said registeringarms, a signaling device included in the circuit ofsaid battery, and means, substantially such as described, whereby eitherof said registeringarms may be normally placed in a given position andbe advanced therefrom by the movements of said indicating-arm whilemaintaining the circuit of said battery complete.

11. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, with anindicatingarm, means for moving the same step by step, and a movablecontact-arm, of a contact-pointconsisting of a platinum plate secured tosaid contact-arm and projecting into the path of said indicating-arm,abattery having one pole connected with said indicating-arm and theother pole connected with the contact-arm,and a yielding frictionalconnection between said contact-arm and its support, whereby it may beadvanced by the normal movements of the indicating'arm, and thecircuit-connections of said battery maintained complete.

12. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of adevice responding to variations in pressure, temperature, or otherchanges, anindicating device and electricallyoperated devices forcausing said indicating device to register the movements of thefirstnamed device, and a device for indicating the failure of saiddevices to operate, which consists of an electro-magnet, its armatureand armaturelever, a dash-pot for preventing said armature fromresponding to the normal magnetism of said electro-magnet, but permits aretarded movement of the same, and a visual or other indicating deviceoperated by said armature when it has responded.

13. The combination, substantially as here inbefore set forth, with amovable circuitcontrolling device, an indicating device, a battery, andelectromagnetic devices for operating the latter correlatively with themove ments of the former, of an alarm device for indicating the failureof said electromagnetic device to operate, consisting of an electro'magnet, a circuit through which is completed when saidcircuit-controlling device is oper ated, its armature, means for causingsaid armature to respond slowly, and an indicatin device operated whensaid armature has re sponded.

14. In a device for indicating changes in pressure, temperature, time,or the equivalent, a star-wheel, a pawl for actuating the same havingfaces forming an angle less than the re-entrant angle of the teeth ofthe wheel and so organized as to advance the wheel nearly the distancecorresponding to a tooth during its forward movement, and to bewithdrawn without causing a retrograde movement, and a retaining-pawlfor completing the forward movement, substantially as described.

15. The combination, substantially as hereinbeforesetforth,inanindicating device, ofthe star-wheel N, and the pawl 12, havingthe faces a and a the latter of which is approximately in the line ofmovement of the pawl while the former is approximately perpendicular tothe face a of the tooth adjacent to the pawl.

16. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, in anapparatus for indicating changes in temperature, pressure, &c., of anarm responding to such changes, means for moving the same step by stepin response to the changes, a flexible yielding contactarm for the same,and means, substantially such as described, whereby the latter may bemoved by said arm without being thrown out of eontact therewith.

17. The combination, substantially as here inbefore set forth, in anapparatus for indicating changes in temperature, pressure, &c., of anarm responding by a stcp-bystep motion to such changes, a contact-armapplied thereto and serving to register the extreme movement of said armby being advanced by the latter, an alarm device, and a battery, theconnections of which are completed through said alarm device by thecontact of said arm with said contact-arm.

18. The combination, substantially as here inbefore set forth, in anapparatus for indicating changes in temperature, pressure, &c., of acircuitclosing device operating to complete the connections of either oftwo circuits, an interrupting device for each of said circuits, each ofwhich is operated by the completion of the other circuit, and a yieldingcontact constituting the interrupting point of each of said interruptingdevices.

19. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, in atelemeter system, with a circuit-closing device for completing theconnections of either of two circuits, of an inter rupting device foreach circuit, each of which is operated by the completion of the othercircuit, a device for completing a shunt-circuit around the pointsthrough which each of said circuits is completed, and means for causingthe shunt-circuit to be formed after the interrupting device of theother circuit has been operated.

20. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, with aseries of teeth, of two driving-pawls acting in opposite directions uponthe same, the one pawl acting to move said series through a distanceless than the space of'a single tooth in one direction and the otherpawl to move said series an equal distance in the opposite direction,and a look ing-paw1 serving to move said series the remaining distance,represented by a tooth, when either driving-pawl has acted.

21. In a telemeter system, the combination,

20 substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a battery, a main line,one or more electromagnets included therein, a circuit-closing and acontact point for completing the connections of said battery throughsaid main line, an indicating-arm, means for advancing said arm 25synchronously with said circuit-closing point, a second line, theconnections of which are completed by the operation of saidelectromagnets, and a device for interrupting the connections of saidbattery, which device is operated by currents traversing the connectionsof said second line.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name this 23d day ofMarch, A. D. 1885.

CHARLES L. CL ARKE.

Witnesses:

DANIEL W. EDGEOOMB, CHARLES A. TERRY.

